Risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among children

Intestinal parasites are endemic worldwide and have been described as constituting the greatest single worldwide cause of illness and disease. The effective prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections requires identification of local risk factors, particularly among high-risk groups. This study retrospectively analyzed demographic factors that may affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children. Interviews, observation, and anthropometric indices assessment were used to identify the risk factors. The findings of the study showed that young age, female gender, and severe malnutrition, Poverty, illiteracy, poor hygiene, lack of access to potable water and hot and humid tropical climate are the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections all correlated positively with increased rates of infection. Clinical visits were performed on 650 school children aged 5-15 years over a four-year period [2010-2013] in the Nahya Village, Giza Governorate. Stool specimens were examined using the formal ether concentration technique. Data were analysed using the SPSS statistical software. The results suggest that the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among young children is highly dependent on the specific species of the parasite

role of insects in mechanical transmission of zoonotic human parasites

Arthropods can be found on human or animals as ecto-parasites as well as endo-parasites. The ecto-parasites or vectors can contaminate stored foods and transmit illness, or introduced diseases in new area. Pet species facilitating infestations, and different risk factors related to infestation were identified. Insect prevention and control is necessary to prevent the transmission of pathogens that could affect animal and human health and the maintenance of good hygiene. We conclude that although biological control looks promising, more research should be done concerning its side effects. Currently, optimal monitoring and prevention seem to offer the best solution

External and intestinal parasites of pet dogs with reference to zoonotic toxocariasis

Examination of 3000 pet dogs over two years at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine revealed external and internal parasites. The external parasites were Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ctenocephalus felis, Sarcoptes canis, and Sarcoptes scabiei. The internal parasites were Echinococcus granulosus, Dipylidium caninum, rare Heterophyes heterophyes, and Toxocara canis. Toxocara eggs were detected in 9.83%. The results were discussed with reference to zoonotic toxocariasis

New concept of schistosomiasis lesions of urinary bladder versus development of bladder cancer

Schistosomiasis haematobium precancerous lesions of urinary bladder included group 1: preneo plastic non papillary [flat] lesions [reactive atypia, flat hyperplasia, keratinizing squamous metaplasia, glandular metaplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in-situ [CIS]] and group 2 preneoplastic papillary lesions [typical papillary hyperplasia, atypical papillary hyperplasia, papilloma]. The present work studied the content of the schistosomiasis precancerous lesions of the urinary bladder using image analyzer, thereby shedding more light on the significance on the early diagnosis of the high risky group. A total of 140 previously diagnosed schistosomiasis urinary bladder lesions [124 precancerous and 16 cancers as controls] were stained by H and E, and Feulgen stain. The mean SPF was high in CIS [22.7], dysplasia [19.6] and low in atypia [7.91]. DNA ploidy, non-diploidy DNA was high in CIS [53%], papilloma, dysplasia and atypical papillary hyperplasia than flat hyperplasia, glandular metaplasia, keratinizing squamous metaplasia and typical papillary hyperplasia that were diploid indicating more tendency and aggressiveness of the first group to turn malignant than the second group

Zoonotic hydatidosis in donkeys: post mortum examination in the Zoo, Giza, Egypt

A total of 17 out of 160 donkeys slaughtered had hepatic hydatidosis as proved macroscopically and microscopically. The epidemiology of zoonotic echinococcosis/hydatidosis was reviewed and discussed

Parasitiosis in handicapped children in an Egyptian blind asylum

Examination of visually handicapped children and their serving staff revealed in a descending order Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Hymenolepis nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Cryptospodium parvum, Tricocephalus trichura and Strongyloides stercoralis. Head lice were encountered. But, neither blood parasites nor protozoan infective agent in water for human consumption

Efficacy of ocular instillation of fasciola hepatica crude adult antigen to diagnosis animal fascioliasis

Locality prepared crude F. hepatica adult antigen for ocular instillation was evaluated in live sheep and buffaloes compared to stool examination and macroscopic examination of these animal after being slaughtered. Ocular instillation proved to be cheap, simple, time consuming, but could not replace stool examination, due to false positive cross reactions

Hydatidosis granulosus in Egyptian slaughtered animals in the years 2000-2005

Hydatidosis was investigated among camels, sheep, goats, and pigs in Egyptian official abattoirs, from August 2000 to August 2005, and among cows and buffaloes were in Mansoura official abattoirs, in the year 2005. One hundred randomly chosen animals of each species were subjected to serologic and his-to pathologic examinations for infections. The overall five years hydatidosis prevalence was 2.53%, 0,3% and 0.68% in camels, sheep and goats, and pigs respectively. The 2005 year prevalence in cows and buffaloes was 6.4% in Mansoura. There was a significant difference between animal regarding liver infections, but the difference was highly significant for lung infection. A highly significant difference in hydatid cysts size was between pigs and other animals species [p<0.000] and significant difference between macroscopic findings in pigs and camels [p=0.018]. A high significant difference was between histopathology in all animals species except pigs sheep and goats [p=0.089]. IHAT showed highly significant difference between camels and other animals species [p=0.000]. A significant histo pathologic positive correlation was between positive IHAT and fertility [Pearson correlation =0.148, p=0.003]. The results were photographed and discussed

Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis in man and animal in farms, giza governorate, Egypt

To demonstrated the zoonotic cryptosporidiosis. A total of 189 farmers and their farm animals [200= 71 buffaloes, 59 cows, 43 sheep and 27 goats were examined. Stool samples Each stool sample was subjected to the direct wet smear method and Sheather's sugar flotation and acid-ether sedimentation techniques and stained with four stains [Modified Ziehl Neelsen, Safranin, methylene blue. Aniline carbol methyl violet and Giemsa]. A positive statistically significant correlation was observed between farmers and their farm animals infected with cryptosporidium parvum proving a zoonotic potential for infection [r = 0.819 P <0.01 for cryptosporidiosis. For detection of Cryptosporidium, 100% sensitivity was obtained when acid ether concentration technique was used and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain revealed highest sensitivity of 92.1%